雅思考試歷來(lái)都具有一定的難度，有很多考生考了第一次不滿(mǎn)意，然后重考一次甚至第三次的，因?yàn)槌鰢?guó)留學(xué)或出國(guó)深造需要一份英語(yǔ)能力證明，很多人便選擇考雅思，可以看一下真題，比如2021雅思試卷真題和答案解析，雅思聽(tīng)力部分的話，可以選擇平時(shí)多聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)新聞來(lái)提高聽(tīng)力，或者看些英語(yǔ)電影，雅思閱讀部分的話，就平時(shí)多看一些英文文章，比如雜志啥的，小說(shuō)也可，英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的話，就多練，可以找一個(gè)外教或者找一個(gè)外國(guó)朋友一起交流，下面就跟著小編一起來(lái)看一下歷年雅思真題及答案解析吧。
一、歷年雅思真題及答案解析
Talc Powder
A Peter Brigg discovers how talc from Luzenac's Trimouns in France find its way into food and agricultural products - from chewing gum to olive oil. High in the French Pyrenees, some 1,700m above sea level, lies Trimouns, a huge deposit of hydrated magnesium silicate - talc to you and me. Talc from Trimouns, and from ten other Luzenac mines across the globe, is used in the manufacture of a vast array of everyday products extending from paper, paint and plaster to cosmetics, plastics and car tyres. And of course there is always talc's best known end use: talcum powder for babies1 bottoms. But the true versat ility of this remarkable mineral is nowhere better displayed than in its sometimes surprising use in certain niche markets in the food and agriculture industries.
B Take, for example, the chewing gum business. Every year, Talc de Luzenac France - which owns and operates the Trimouns mine and is a member of the international Luzenac Group ( art of Rio Tinto minerals ) supplies about 6,000 tones of talc to chewing gum manufacturers in Europe. "We've been selling to this sector of the market since the 1960s," says Laurent Fournier, sales manager in Luzenac's Specialties business unit in Toulouse. "Admittedly, in terms of our total annual sales of talc, the amount we supply to chewing gum manufacturers is relatively small, but we see it as a valuable niche market: one where customers place a premium on securing supplies from a reliable, high quality source. Because of this, long term allegiance to a proven suppler is very much a feature of this sector of die talc market." Switching sources - in the way that you might choose to buy, say, paperclips from Supplier A rather than from Supplier B - is not an easy option for chewing gum manufacturers." Fournier says. "The cost of reformulating is high, so when customers are using a talc grade that works, even if it's expensive, they are understandably reluctant to switch."
C But how is talc actually used in the manufacture of chewing gum? Patrick Delord, an engineer with a degre e in agronomics, who has been with Luzenac for 22 years and is now senior market development manager, Agriculture and Food, in Europe, explains that chewing gums has four main components. "The most important of them is the gum base," he says. "It's the gum base that puts the chew into chewing gum. It binds all the ingredients together, creating a soft, smooth texture. To this the manufacturer then adds sweeteners, softeners and flavourings. Our talc is used as a filler in the gum base. The amount vanes between, say, ten and 35 per cent, depending on the type of gum. Fruit flavoured chewing gum, for example, is slightly acidic and would react with the calcium carbonate that the manufacturer might otherwise use as a filler. Talc, on the other hand, makes an ideal filler because it's non-reactive chemically. In the factory, talc is also used to dust the gum base pellets and to stop the chewing gum sticking during the lamination and packing process," Delord adds.
D The chewing gum business is, however, just one example of talc's use in the food sector. For the past 20 years or so, olive oil processors in Spain have been taking advantage of talc's unique characteristics to help them boost the amount of oil they extract from crushed olives According to Patrick Delord, talc is especially useful for treating what he calls "difficult" olives. After the olives are harvested - preferably early in the morning because their taste is better if they are gathered in the cool of the day they are taken to the processing plant. There they arc crushed and then stirred for 30-45 minutes. In the old days, the resulting paste was passed through an olive press but nowadays it's more common to add water and ( K-6IH ) the mixture to separate the water and oil from the solid matter The oil and water are then allowed to settle so that the olive oil layer can be ) and bottled. "Difficult" olives are those that are more reluctant than the norm to yield up their full oil content. This may be attributable to the particular species of olive, or to its water content and the time of year the olives arc collected - at the beginning and the end of the season their water content is often either too high or too low. These olives are easy to recognize because they produce a lot of extra foam during the stirring process, a consequence of an excess of a fine solid that acts as a natural emulsifier. The oil in this emulsion is lost when the water is disposed of. Not only that, if the waste water is disposed of directly into local fields - often the case in many smaller processing operations - the emulsified oil may take some time to biodegrade and so be harmful to the environment.
E "If you add between a half and two percent of talc by weight during the stirring process, it absorbs the natural emulsifier in the olives and so boosts the amount of oil you can extract," says Delord. "In addition, talc's flat, 'platey' structure helps increase the size of the oil droplets liberated during stirring, which again improves the yield. However, because talc is chemically inert, it doesn't affect the color, taste, appearance or composition of the resulting olive oil."
F If the use of talc in olive oil processing and in chewing gum is long established, new applications in the food and agriculture industries arc also constantly being sought by Luzenac. One such promising new market is fruit crop protection, being pioneered in the US. Just like people, fruit can get sunburned. In fact, in very sunny regions up to 45 per cent of a typical crop can be affected by heat stress and sunburn However, in the case of fruit, it's not so much the ultra violet rays which harm the crop as the high surface temperature that the sun's rays create.
G To combat this, farmers normally use either chemicals or spray a continuous fine canopy of mist above the fruit frees or bushes. The trouble is, this uses a lot of water - normally a precious commodity in hot, sunny areas - and it is therefore expensive. What's more, the ground can quickly become waterlogged. "So our idea was to coat the fruit with talc to protect it from the sun," says Greg Hunter, a marketing specialist who has been with Luzenac for ten years. "But to do this, several technical challenges had first to be overcome. Talc is very hydrophobic: it doesn't like water. So in order to have a viable product we needed a wettable powder - something that would go readily into suspension so that it could be sprayed onto the fruit. It also had to break the surface tension of the cutin ( the natural waxy, waterproof layer on the fruit ) and of course it had to wash off easily when the fruit was harvested. No-one's going to want an apple that's covered in talc."
H Initial trials in the state of Washington in 2003 showed that when the product was sprayed onto Granny Smith apples, it reduced their surface temperature and lowered the incidence of sunburn by up to 60 per cent. Today the new product, known as Invelop Maximum SPF, is in its second commercial year on the US market. Apple growers are the primary target although Hunter believes grape growers represent another sector with long term potential. He is also hopeful of extending sales to overseas markets such as Australia, South America and southern Europe.
Question 27-32
Use the information in the passage to match each use of tale power with correct application from A. B or C. Write the appropriate letters A-C in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.
NB you may use any letter more than once.
A. Fruit protection
B. Chewing gum business
C. Olive oil extraction
27 Talc is used to increase the size of drops.
28 Talc is applied to reduce foaming.
29 Talc is employed as a filler of base.
30 Talc is modified and prevented sunburn.
31 Talc is added to stop stickiness.
32 Talc is used to increase production.
Questions 33-38
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 33-38 on your answer sheet.
Spanish olive oil industry has been using talc in oil extraction process for about____33____years. It is useful in dealing with difficult olives which often produce high amount of____34____because of the high content of solid materials. When smaller factories release____35____, it could be____36____to the environment because it is hard to____37____and usually lakes lime as it contains emulsified oil. However, talc power added in the process is able to absorb the emulsifier oil. It improves the oil extraction production, because with aid of talc powder, size of oil____38____increased.
Question 39-40
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 39-40 on your answer sheet.
39 In which process is talc used to dear the stickiness of chewing gum?
40 Which group of farmers does Invelop intend to target in a long view?
文章題目：滑石粉
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
體裁論說(shuō)文
題目滑石粉
結(jié)構(gòu)（一句話概括每段大意）? A 段：滑石粉的主要用途? B 段：滑石粉在口香糖市場(chǎng)中的用途? C 段： 滑石粉在口香糖制作中的原理? D 段： 滑石粉在其他食品中的應(yīng)用? E 段：滑石粉在食品中的應(yīng)用原理? F 段：滑石粉在水果保護(hù)中的應(yīng)用? G 段：滑石粉對(duì)水果的保護(hù)作用原理? H 段： 水果保護(hù)作用的市場(chǎng)拓展
試題分析
Question 27-32
題目類(lèi)型：搭配題
解題思路：可以先去定位A,B,C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中內(nèi)容所對(duì)應(yīng)的文段，然后從27-32中的題干去搜尋相符合的，而不是一個(gè)一個(gè)題目去找，這樣會(huì)比較節(jié)省時(shí)間
題號(hào)定位詞文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)題目解析
27 Increase，size， E 段第三句話 根據(jù)文章大意將 C 選項(xiàng)個(gè)橄欖油提取的內(nèi)容定位到 E 段，第三句話，提到滑石粉的結(jié)構(gòu)有助于增加揮發(fā)油滴的體積，故可以判斷 27 題與 C 相連
28 Foam D 段倒數(shù)第四句話 根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到 D 段，原文中提到攪拌過(guò)程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生很多泡沫，后面提出因此要加上滑石粉來(lái)減少泡沫。
29 Base，fill C 段倒數(shù)第 8 行 根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到 C 段原文 "our talc is used as a filler in the gum base"。故是關(guān)于口香糖行業(yè)的內(nèi)容，選 B
30 Sun，fruit G 段第四句話 根據(jù) sunburn 這個(gè)詞可以定位到 G 段，第四句表明滑石粉可以起到保護(hù)水果免受日曬的作用，故選 A
31 Sticking C 段比較后一句話 根據(jù) statement 中的 "stickness" 這個(gè)詞可以定位到 C 段結(jié)尾部分，原文說(shuō)滑石粉可以防止口香糖在擠壓過(guò)程中與包裝粘在一起，所以跟 statement 表述的意思是一致的
32 boost，amount E 段第一句話 文章中提到可以 "boosts the amount of oil you can extract" 跟題干上表述一直
Question 33-38
題目類(lèi)型：總結(jié)題
33 spanish olive oil D 段第二句話 根據(jù) spanish olive oil 定位到 D 段，文章提到橄欖油制造利用滑石粉已經(jīng)二十年。
34 High amount of 根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到 D 段，原文中提到攪拌過(guò)程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生很多泡沫，后面提出因此要加上滑石粉來(lái)減少泡沫。所以填 "foam"
35 Factory D 段倒數(shù)第二句話 根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到 D 段結(jié)尾，原文提到 "waste water"
36 Environment D 段比較后一句話 根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到 D 段結(jié)尾，文中提到這種乳化油分解對(duì)環(huán)境的影響是 "harmful" 的
37 同上 問(wèn) harmful 的原因。原文有明確提出，是由于 "hard to biodegrade"，難以生物降解
38 Size，increase 文章說(shuō)到在橄欖油提取過(guò)程中，揮發(fā)的油滴體積會(huì)增加，"increase the size of the oil droplets"
Question 39-40
題目類(lèi)型：?jiǎn)柎痤}
39 Stickiness，chewing gun 題目中問(wèn)到在哪一個(gè)過(guò)程中滑石粉是用于來(lái)減少口香糖粘度的，這個(gè)跟上面第 31 題比較近似，可以先定位到 C 段結(jié)尾，可看到文章中明確給出是 "during the lamination and packing process"
40 Invelop，long-term potential H 段倒數(shù)第二句 S 首先根據(jù) "invelop" 定位到 H 段，題目問(wèn)哪個(gè)組織的種植者是 invelop 打算長(zhǎng)期去關(guān)注投資的，倒數(shù)第二句給出答案是 "grape grower"
參考答案：
Version 24109 主題 滑石粉
27 C 28 29 B
30 A 31 32
33 20 34 foam 35 waste water
36 harmful 37 biodegrade 38 droplets
39 Lamination and packing 40 Grape growers
二、雅思口語(yǔ)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
9分
Expert User. Has fully operational command of the language: appropriate,accurate and fluent with complete understanding.
成績(jī)極佳，能將英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用自如，精確、流利并能完全理解.
8分
Very Good User. Has fully operational command of the language with only occasional unsystematic inaccuracies and inappropriacies. Misunderstandings may occur in unfamiliar situations. Handles complex detailed argumentation well.
非常良好，能將英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用自如，只是偶爾有不連接的錯(cuò)誤和不恰當(dāng)，在不熟悉的狀況下可能出現(xiàn)誤解，可將復(fù)雜細(xì)節(jié)的爭(zhēng)論掌握的相當(dāng)好.
7分
Good User. Has operational command of the language,though with occasional inaccuracies,inappropriacies and misunderstandings in some situations. Generally handles complex language well and understands detailed reasoning.
良好，有能力運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)，雖然在某些情況有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生不準(zhǔn)確、不適當(dāng)和誤解，大致可將復(fù)雜的英語(yǔ)掌握的不錯(cuò)，也理解其全部?jī)?nèi)容.
6分（澳大利亞移民&；英國(guó)留學(xué)分?jǐn)?shù)線）
Competent User. Has generally effective command of the language despite some inaccuracies,inappropriacies and misunderstandings. Can use and understand fairly complex language,particularly in familiar situations.
及格，大致能有效的運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)，雖然有不準(zhǔn)確、不適當(dāng)和誤解發(fā)生，能使用并理解相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的英語(yǔ)，特別是在熟悉的情況時(shí).
5分（加拿大移民&；新西蘭移民分?jǐn)?shù)線）
Modest User. Has partial command of the language,coping with overall meaning in most situations,though is likely to make many mistakes.Should be able to handle basic communication in own field.
適當(dāng)及格，可部分運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)，在大多數(shù)情況下可應(yīng)付全部的意思，雖然可能犯下許多錯(cuò)誤，在本身領(lǐng)域內(nèi)應(yīng)可掌握基本的溝通.
4分(英國(guó)預(yù)科分?jǐn)?shù)線）
Limited User. Basic competence is limited to familiar situations. Has frequent problems in understanding and expression. Is not able to use complex language.
水平有限，只限在熟悉的狀況下有基本的理解力，在理解與表達(dá)上常發(fā)生問(wèn)題，無(wú)法使用復(fù)雜英語(yǔ).
3分
Extremely Limited User. Conveys and understands only general meaning in very familiar situations. Frequent breakdowns in communication occur.
水平極有限，在極熟悉的情況下，只能進(jìn)行一般的溝通理解.
2分
Intermittent User. No real communication is possible except for the most basic information using isolated words or short formulae in familiar situations and to meet immediate needs. Has great difficulty understanding spoken and written English.
只屬于偶爾使用英語(yǔ)，除非在熟悉的情況，使用單詞和簡(jiǎn)短的短句表達(dá)最基本的信息，在說(shuō)寫(xiě)方面有重大的障礙.
1分
Non User. Essentially has no ability to use the language beyond possibly a few isolated words.
不能通過(guò)，可能只能說(shuō)幾個(gè)單詞，無(wú)法溝通.
0分
Candidate diid not attempt the interview. No assessable information provided.考生沒(méi)有參加考試，沒(méi)有可評(píng)估的信息.
Listening & Reading有0.5分檔次Writing & Speaking 只有整數(shù)檔次
三、雅思七大閱讀題型
1）填空題
2）選擇題（一般有順序）
3）判斷題（True, False, Not given）
4）信息題（Which paragraph contains the following information?）
碰到信息題，要對(duì)自己的時(shí)間有點(diǎn)不一樣的安排和調(diào)整。
5）配對(duì)題（Match each statement with the correct person/date etc.）
6）段落大意題（Choose the correct heading for each paragraph）
7）流程圖、圖表題
四、雅思口語(yǔ)快速提高方法
雅思口語(yǔ)找到一個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)的外教進(jìn)行練習(xí)還是很有必要的。分享一下我在用的app：留小留，可以隨時(shí)和世界各地的Native Speaker進(jìn)行一對(duì)一的口語(yǔ)對(duì)練，里面有很多專(zhuān)業(yè)的雅思外教可以選擇，而且還有前雅思高級(jí)考官，強(qiáng)烈建議考試前跟雅思考官模擬測(cè)試一下。這個(gè)軟件用起來(lái)就跟打微信語(yǔ)音／視頻電話一樣，質(zhì)量很清晰。這個(gè)是最讓我感到意外且性?xún)r(jià)比超級(jí)高的一個(gè)APP了。我長(zhǎng)期練習(xí)的一個(gè)外教陪練是英國(guó)的Leila，她不僅口音純正，而且人超級(jí)nice，她本人還是一個(gè)攝影師，我也經(jīng)常跟她交流攝影方面的技巧。
不過(guò)大家在跟外國(guó)人練習(xí)雅思口語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，我有2個(gè)建議：1是提前準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)話題，帶著話題去跟他們練習(xí)能讓你學(xué)到很多地道的表達(dá)；2.是不一定非要選擇歐美的老外，像有些南非、菲律賓的也很專(zhuān)業(yè)，練習(xí)口語(yǔ)也不錯(cuò)。
我們精心為大家整理的《歷年雅思真題及答案解析 雅思口語(yǔ)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 》文章不知道大家滿(mǎn)不滿(mǎn)意，如果大家想了解更多語(yǔ)言培訓(xùn)相關(guān)的信息，請(qǐng)關(guān)注語(yǔ)言培訓(xùn)欄目。
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